Spacing is a huge part of what makes a piece of calligraphy successful. And yet it is sometimes missed because in a way it is an invisible element in the piece.
Each alphabet and each style of that alphabet can have a different spacing. Blackletter for example doesn't have a lot of space between letters, or within the letters themselves - that's part of what creates the "black" or dark appearance of that alphabet.
Italic on the other hand is a more open alphabet and needs more space.
Positive & Negative Space
In art there are two terms used which will help us here. One is called positive space and one is called negative space.
Positive space is usually what we refer to as the letter itself - the thing that we can see.
Negative space on the other hand is the space inside of, or surrounding the letter/positive space.
So for example here we have a letter "o". The wide black lines create the positive space or shape of the letter. But there is also another space inside the letter. And there is the space surrounding the letter. These spaces are referred to as negative spaces.
Spacing Between Letters
Each alphabet and each style of that alphabet can have a different spacing. Blackletter for example doesn't have a lot of space between letters, or within the letters themselves - that's part of what creates the "black" or dark appearance of that alphabet.Italic on the other hand is a more open alphabet and needs more space.
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